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Two aspects: pure research on SG will use most of SW methods, where some changes are required for various resource descriptions (like CPU time). Application research will be how to integrate various resources to accomplish a given task, involving semantic capture and semantic matching. ÒÔÏÂÊÇÒýÓÃnpubirdÔÚ2004-7-23 15:59:40µÄ·¢ÑÔ£º Semantic GridÎÒÉϸöѧÆÚÒ²¿´¹ýһЩ×ÊÁÏ£¬µ«ÄܼìË÷µ½µÄÓÐÓõÄÎÄÏײ»¶à£¬×ܵĸоõÏÖÔÚÌá³öµÄ¶«Î÷»¹±È½Ï´Ö£¬µ±Ê±Ïà¹ØµÄÍøwww.semanticgrid.orgÔںܳ¤Ò»¶Îʱ¼äûÓиüÐÂÄÚÈÝ¡£×îÖÕÎÒ»¹ÊÇ·ÅÆúÁ˶ÔÕâ¸ö·½ÏòµÄ½øÒ»²½Ì½Ë÷¡£ Ä¿Ç°¹úÄÚÒѾ­ÓÐѧУÉêÇëµ½ÁËSemantic GridµÄÏà¹ØÑо¿»ù½ð¡£ IEEE Intelligent SystemÒ²¿ª±ÙÁËÏà¹ØµÄSemantic GridµÄרÆÚ¡£ ÎÒÒ²ÌرðÏëÌýÌýËÎÀÏʦ¶ÔSemantic GridµÄ¿´·¨¡£ [quote]ÒÔÏÂÊÇÒýÓÃgridÔÚ2004-7-23 15:35:30µÄ·¢ÑÔ£º ËÎÀÏʦ£¬ÄúºÃ£¡   ÎÒÒѽøÈ벩ʿÀíÂÛÑо¿½×¶Î£¬²¢¶ÔÍø¸ñÒÑÓÐÒ»¶Îʱ¼äµÄÑо¿¡£ÏÖÔÚ£¬¶ÔSemantic WebºÜ¸ÐÐËȤ£¬ÏëÁ˽âSemantic GridÁìÓòÄ¿Ç°µÄÑо¿½øÕ¹ºÍÇ÷ÊÆ£¬Ð»Ð»£¡ [/quote]

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DL (digital library) is indeed playing an important role introducing metadata to web resources. Lib catalog plus current search method (data) is a good KB. I think this method may be good for organizing web information in some way. However, lib catalog is not purely an ont. Many other domain ont are quite different from lib catalog. Integration is a problem. Lib catalog is neither a common sense ont, like what what we have in our mind. I don't think DL methods will dominate the Web or SW. Sorry my guest has arrived. WE HAVE TO STOP HERE. THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR THE DISCUSSIONS AND VERY GOOD QUESTIONS. ÒÔÏÂÊÇÒýÓÃmickyÔÚ2004-7-23 16:08:48µÄ·¢ÑÔ£º ËÎÀÏʦ£¬ÔÚÄúµÄ¡¶ÓïÒåÍø¼òÃ÷½Ì³Ì¡·ÖÐÌáµ½¡°Êý×ÖͼÊé¹Ý×÷ΪÏÂÒ»´úÒòÌØÍø×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíµÄºËÐļ¼Êõ£¬...¡±¡£ÕâÁ½ÄêÊý×ÖͼÊé¹ÝµÄ¸ÅÄîÒѾ­ÌáÉýµ½»ùÓÚ֪ʶ¸ÅÄîÌåϵµÄ×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíºÍ֪ʶ¹ÜÀí£¬ÔÚ¸÷ÖÖÁìÓò¸÷ÖÖ¹æÄ£·¶Î§ÄÚ¶¼µÃµ½³¤×ãµÄ·¢Õ¹ºÍÓ¦Óá£Êý×Ö×ÊÔ´µÄÓïÒåÔªÊý¾Ý¼ÓÉÏ·ÖÀà·¨ºÍÖ÷Ìâ´Ê±í(±¾Ìå)µÈ¾Í¹¹³ÉΪһ¸öÅÓ´óµÄ֪ʶ¿â¡£ ÎÒµÄÎÊÌâÊÇ£º 1. ÈçºÎ½«¿çÔ½ÖÚ¶àÁìÓòµÄ·ÖÀà·¨ºÍÖ÷Ìâ´Ê±íÓÃÏÖÔڵı¾Ì巽ʽÀ´×éÖ¯ºÍ±íʾ£¿ÕâÑùµÄÄ¿µÄÊǽ«Ô­À´ÓÉͼÊé¹ÝÔ±À´Íê³ÉµÄ×ÊÔ´·ÖÀà×éÖ¯ºÍ¹ÜÀí£¬Äܹ»Í¨¹ý¼ÆËã»úÀ´·½±ãµØ´¦ÀíºÍÍê³É£¬Ð§Âʸü¸ß¡£ 2. δÀ´Êý×ÖͼÊé¹ÝÖеļìË÷ÊÇ·ñ¿ÉÒÔÍêȫʹÓÃ֪ʶ²éѯ(ËÑË÷)µÄ·½Ê½À´Íê³É£¿ÔÚʵʩ·½·¨Óë;¾¶ÉÏ£¬ÄÜ·ñÇëËÎÀÏʦָµãÖ¸µã£¿

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Semantic Web is a dream; Semantic Web technology is 
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лл£¡ ÒÔÏÂÊÇÒýÓÃw.w.songÔÚ2004-7-23 16:35:10µÄ·¢ÑÔ£º DL (digital library) is indeed playing an important role introducing metadata to web resources. Lib catalog plus current search method (data) is a good KB. I think this method may be good for organizing web information in some way. However, lib catalog is not purely an ont. Many other domain ont are quite different from lib catalog. Integration is a problem. Lib catalog is neither a common sense ont, like what what we have in our mind. I don't think DL methods will dominate the Web or SW. Sorry my guest has arrived. WE HAVE TO STOP HERE. THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR THE DISCUSSIONS AND VERY GOOD QUESTIONS. [quote]ÒÔÏÂÊÇÒýÓÃmickyÔÚ2004-7-23 16:08:48µÄ·¢ÑÔ£º ËÎÀÏʦ£¬ÔÚÄúµÄ¡¶ÓïÒåÍø¼òÃ÷½Ì³Ì¡·ÖÐÌáµ½¡°Êý×ÖͼÊé¹Ý×÷ΪÏÂÒ»´úÒòÌØÍø×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíµÄºËÐļ¼Êõ£¬...¡±¡£ÕâÁ½ÄêÊý×ÖͼÊé¹ÝµÄ¸ÅÄîÒѾ­ÌáÉýµ½»ùÓÚ֪ʶ¸ÅÄîÌåϵµÄ×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíºÍ֪ʶ¹ÜÀí£¬ÔÚ¸÷ÖÖÁìÓò¸÷ÖÖ¹æÄ£·¶Î§ÄÚ¶¼µÃµ½³¤×ãµÄ·¢Õ¹ºÍÓ¦Óá£Êý×Ö×ÊÔ´µÄÓïÒåÔªÊý¾Ý¼ÓÉÏ·ÖÀà·¨ºÍÖ÷Ìâ´Ê±í(±¾Ìå)µÈ¾Í¹¹³ÉΪһ¸öÅÓ´óµÄ֪ʶ¿â¡£   ÎÒµÄÎÊÌâÊÇ£º   1. ÈçºÎ½«¿çÔ½ÖÚ¶àÁìÓòµÄ·ÖÀà·¨ºÍÖ÷Ìâ´Ê±íÓÃÏÖÔڵı¾Ì巽ʽÀ´×éÖ¯ºÍ±íʾ£¿ÕâÑùµÄÄ¿µÄÊǽ«Ô­À´ÓÉͼÊé¹ÝÔ±À´Íê³ÉµÄ×ÊÔ´·ÖÀà×éÖ¯ºÍ¹ÜÀí£¬Äܹ»Í¨¹ý¼ÆËã»úÀ´·½±ãµØ´¦ÀíºÍÍê³É£¬Ð§Âʸü¸ß¡£   2. δÀ´Êý×ÖͼÊé¹ÝÖеļìË÷ÊÇ·ñ¿ÉÒÔÍêȫʹÓÃ֪ʶ²éѯ(ËÑË÷)µÄ·½Ê½À´Íê³É£¿ÔÚʵʩ·½·¨Óë;¾¶ÉÏ£¬ÄÜ·ñÇëËÎÀÏʦָµãÖ¸µã£¿    [/quote]

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This is an interesting question. Here I just try to finish replying the questions I did not answer yesterday afternoon because of a guest visiting me. As a matter of fact, the guest is a philosopher and he told me something about the ontology as a discipline/subject. However, I think the ontologies that we build for SW are only limited to a very primitive level (a simple concept tree for the purpose of reasoning). We will not attempt to solve philosophy issues. ÒÔÏÂÊÇÒýÓÃhawkÔÚ2004-7-23 16:10:07µÄ·¢ÑÔ£º ËÎÀÏʦ£¬ÄúºÃ¡£ ÎÒÏëÇë½ÌÕâÑùÒ»¸öÎÊÌâ¡£ ÎÒÃǵı¾ÌåÊÇÎ÷·½ÕÜѧµÄ±¾ÌåÂÛ˼ÏëÔÚÈ˹¤ÖÇÄÜ¡¢ÖªÊ¶±íʾµÈÁìÓòµÄÌåÏÖ¡£ µ«ÔÚÕÜѧÉÏ£¬ºÜ¶àѧÕßµÄÔÚ·´Ë¼±¾ÌåÂ󼗣 Öð½¥ÈÏΪontologyµÄÑо¿²»¿ÉÄܵõ½½á¹û¡£ Òò´ËÖð½¥×ªÏòÈÏʶÂÛ¡¢¼ÛÖµÂÛµÄÑо¿·¢Õ¹¡£ ÀýÈçάÌظù˹̹µÄ¡°¼Ò×åÀàËÆ¡±¹Ûµã£¬ÈÏΪ±¾ÖÊÊôÐÔ²¢²»´æÔÚ¡£ »Øµ½ÎÒÃÇÕâ±ßµÄ±¾ÌåÀ´£¬´Ëʱ£¬ÎÒÃǽ¨Á¢µÄ¸÷ÖÖ¸÷ÑùµÄ±¾Ì壬 ½«ÒòΪ¸öÌåÀýÍâµÄ´æÔÚ£¬ ʹ±¾ÌåÍÆÀíÄÑÒÔ±£Ö¤½á¹ûµÄÕýÈ·ÐÔ¡£ ÄúÈÏΪ£¬ÎÒÃǵı¾ÌåÊÇ·ñ»á´æÔÚÉÏÊöÎÊÌ⣿ лл£¡

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In my opinion, the current SW languages (including ont languages) should be able to describe service ont. In a restricted application, it should not be difficult to build up some sort of ont for services. However, to test whether the SW languages (OWL, etc.) are really suitable for service ont. is not easy. I would suggest to build a specific ont and parser for a specific domain. Achieve both significance and doable. ÒÔÏÂÊÇÒýÓÃgridÔÚ2004-7-23 16:16:23µÄ·¢ÑÔ£º лл£¡ ÔÚGridÖУ¬Ò»ÇÐ×ÊÔ´¾ùÒÔ·þÎñµÄÐÎʽÏòÍâÌṩ£¬ÓëWeb servicesÀàËÆ£¨ÏÖÔÚGrid servicesÓëWeb ServicesÒѳöÏÖÈںϵÄÇ÷ÊÆ£©¡£ÇëÎÊËÎÀÏʦ£¬Ä¿Ç°SW languageÊÇ·ñ×ãÒÔÃèÊöÌض¨ÁìÓòµÄ·þÎñ±¾Ì壿Èç¹û´ÓʸÃÁìÓòÑо¿£¬ÄѶȻ᲻»á¹ý´ó£¿ [quote]ÒÔÏÂÊÇÒýÓÃw.w.songÔÚ2004-7-23 15:57:19µÄ·¢ÑÔ£º I think the breakthrough of SW will be either (or both) in Semantic Grid (e-Sci.) and Web services, where Web services will be closely realted to Grid.   One of the SG research activities is virtual organization (VO). Another is SGS (Semantic Grid Service).   Fundamental research issues include 1) how to capture semantics for Grid nodes and 2) how to integrate these nodes to form a service or organization.   One of the current problem is Web service lanagueges are at low level while SW language at high. Key should be to generate a THING in between.   [quote]ÒÔÏÂÊÇÒýÓÃgridÔÚ2004-7-23 15:35:30µÄ·¢ÑÔ£º   ËÎÀÏʦ£¬ÄúºÃ£¡    ÎÒÒѽøÈ벩ʿÀíÂÛÑо¿½×¶Î£¬²¢¶ÔÍø¸ñÒÑÓÐÒ»¶Îʱ¼äµÄÑо¿¡£ÏÖÔÚ£¬¶ÔSemantic WebºÜ¸ÐÐËȤ£¬ÏëÁ˽âSemantic GridÁìÓòÄ¿Ç°µÄÑо¿½øÕ¹ºÍÇ÷ÊÆ£¬Ð»Ð»£¡   [/quote] [/quote]

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Definitely this is doable. First of all, you need to analyze a domain/application problem. One example is health care domain. You need to develop 1. ont for diseases, for organs, for symptons, etc., 2. intelligent search engines for patients, medicines, etc. Semantics in various areas is required from time to time in this aspect. Interesting and challenging. ÒÔÏÂÊÇÒýÓÃmickyÔÚ2004-7-23 16:17:07µÄ·¢ÑÔ£º ÎÒÊÇÏ£ÍûÄܹ»³ä·ÖÀûÓÃÏÖÓÐÓïÒåÍø·½ÃæµÄÑо¿³É¹û£¬½áºÏÊý×ÖͼÊé¹Ý¡¢ÖªÊ¶¹ÜÀíƽ̨(ÆóÒµ)¡¢ÖªÊ¶ËÑË÷ÒýÇæµÈÓ¦ÓÃÁìÓòÀ´×ö¾ßÌåµÄÓ¦Óᣲ»ÖªÕâÖÖÏë·¨ÊÇ·ñÏÖʵ£¿ËÎÀÏʦÄÜ·ñ¸øÌáЩÒâ¼ûÓ뽨Ò飿лл£¡

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Dear Prof. Song, I would like to hear some comments from you on prospective key research issues in the semantic web (SW) field, and what you are going to choose to focus on? ;) Here is some of my comprehension of the SW. From an application developer point of view, SW is not a big deal. It helps to solve some problem on describing things but mostly for interoperability sake. As we all face a step to describe data in any of our program, to be able to make it *universally* understandable, we tag it (which is the XML fashion). A more general case is to make a tag with another "tag" - namespace where one can refer to as a description of the tag. And if the namespace links to a URL document, it may be further described with ontology basis. So it ends up with that we are sharing model (probably partial) with others. I think the key of SW is to share knowledge together with its model to others however with the premise that both share a common ontology underneath the model description. Given all these ready (in terms of documents and links), one can reason to get some results, such as a pear is a fruit which is a kind of thing to be rotted in 7 days at normal temperature during the autumn season on the east part of earth (remember this odd sentence from which old sci-film?:)). But, this is really not a big deal as people have done huge work on knowledge representation so-called AI bubble failure before the recent IT and agent technology bubbles. One can easily borrow from them or modify to conform the SW formation e.g., from the earlier KIF form. Using existing reasoning engine (such as Jena using backward chaining reasoning). So in general behind the SW hype,  it is a set of tools (RDF, RDFS, OWL) to help to describe your data for a better interoperability whatever the underlying basis is (based on ontology or not) they can be treated as a blackbox. If these technologies survive, they will become common as today's XML and C language which everyone (programmer) is familiar with. However, the problem is there is no one universal ontology to be able to describe common sense knowledge, so the use of ontology is limited to domain knowledge description, so everyone is going to define their ontologies for their models such as many by DAML and these applications will still be independent as they are nowadays until someday some commercial ontology (I would say a protocol) gets accepted by the market, then we will rely on it (isn't MS uPnP doing this connecting communication with semantic descriptions). As SW technologies become *mature*, it is attractive for application developers who have new topic/standard to spend energy to conform to (just the matter of time for them) but really a dark day for researchers to repeat the failure road :( My prediction of the extensions of near future SW (if it survives) willl be the revival of the old AI technology such as rule-based system with support for fuzzy logic, probablistic and uncertain reasoning, then machine learning things etc. Thanks and just come to have a discussion here /B.C.