中文XML论坛--关于启动翻译 W3C RDF Primer 的倡议(完成初审，欢迎大家Review)

姓名：(无权查看)
城市：(无权查看)
院校：(无权查看)

TO admin：无法编辑2.2The RDF Model这一段，点[编辑]后看到的是2.1 基本概念。

姓名：(无权查看)
城市：(无权查看)
院校：(无权查看)

以下是引用forwar在2004-7-13 21:19:56的发言：
TO admin：无法编辑2.2The RDF Model这一段，点[编辑]后看到的是2.1 基本概念。

那就电击下一个[编辑]

姓名：(无权查看)
城市：(无权查看)
院校：(无权查看)

RDF Schema does not provide a vocabulary of application-specific classes like exterms:Tent, ex2:Book, or ex3:Person, and properties like exterms:weightInKg, ex2:author or ex3:JobTitle. Instead, it provides the facilities needed to describe such
classes and properties, and to indicate which classes and properties are expected to be used together (for example, to say that the property ex3:jobTitle will be used in describing a ex3:Person).

RDF Schema 并没有针对特定应用提供诸如 exterms:Tent , ex2:Book 或者 ex3:Person这样的一些类或者是诸如 exterms:weightInKg 、ex2:author 或者 ex3:JobTitle 这样的一些特性词汇。RDFS只是提供了描述一种这些类和特性的能力 (facilities)，并且可以暗示某些类和特性期望合在一起使用（例如,特性 ex3:jobTitle 应该用来描述ex3:Person）。

In other words, RDF Schema provides a type system for RDF. The RDF Schema type system is similar in some respects to the type systems of object-oriented programming languages such as Java. For example, RDF Schema allows resources to be defined as
instances of one or more classes. In addition, it allows classes to be organized in a hierarchical fashion; for example a class ex:Dog might be defined as a subclass of ex:Mammal which is a subclass of ex:Animal, meaning that any resource which is
in class ex:Dog is also implicitly in class ex:Animal as well.

换句话说，RDF Schema为RDF提供了一个类型系统。RDF Schema 类型系统在某些方面类似于Java这样的面向对象编程语言的类型系统。例如，RDF Schema允许资源被定义为一个或者多个类的实例。另外，RDFS通常把类组织成为一种分级结构；例如，类 ex:Dog可以定义为ex:Mammal的子类，而ex:Mammal又是ex:Animal的子类。如果某个资源是类 ex:Dog的实例，那么隐含意味着它也是ex:Animal的实例。

However, RDF classes and properties are in some respects very different from programming language types. RDF class and property descriptions do not create a straightjacket into which information must be forced, but instead provide additional
information about the RDF resources they describe. This information can be used in a variety of ways, which will be discussed in Section 5.3.

然而，RDF 类和特性在某些方面又与编程语言的类型系统有着明显的差异。RDF类和特性并没有过多束缚资源的描述方式，而是提供了一些关于RDF 资源的额外描述信息。这些添加的信息可以通过各种方式来使用，具体内容将在5.3节中介绍。

The RDF Schema facilities are themselves provided in the form of an RDF vocabulary; that is, as a specialized set of predefined RDF resources with their own special meanings. The resources in the RDF Schema vocabulary have URIrefs with the prefix http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# (conventionally associated with the QName prefix rdfs:). Vocabulary descriptions (schemas) written in the RDF Schema language are legal RDF graphs.

RDF Schema 所具有的这些能力本身也是以 RDF词汇形式提供的。也就是说，这些RDF 词汇是一组带有特殊含义的、预定义的RDF资源。这些资源的（RDF Schema词汇）URI带有前缀 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# （QName通常采用前缀 rdfs:）。采用RDF Schema 语言所定义的词汇描述（schemas）也是合法的RDF图。

Hence, RDF software that is not written to also process the additional RDF Schema vocabulary can still interpret a schema as a legal RDF graph consisting of various resources and properties, but will not "understand" the additional built-in meanings of the RDF Schema terms. To understand these additional meanings, RDF software must be written to process an extended language that includes not only the rdf: vocabulary, but also the rdfs: vocabulary, together with their built-in meanings.

This point will be illustrated in the next section.
因此，即使一个软件不是专为处理新加的RDF Schema词汇而开发的，它仍然可以将schema解释为一个包含了各种资源和特性的合法RDF图，但是这个软件并不能“理解”新添加的RDF Schema术语的内在含义。为了理解新加术语的含义，RDF 软件必须能够处理一种扩展语言。这种扩展语言不仅仅包含rdf:前缀的词汇，而且还包含了rdfs:前缀的词汇，以及这些词汇的内在含义。下一小节中将对这一点进行详细分析。

The following sections will illustrate RDF Schema's basic resources and properties.

下一小节将详细分析RDF Schema的基本资源和特性。

姓名：(无权查看)
城市：(无权查看)
院校：(无权查看)

RDF PRIMER 这篇文章感觉写得罗罗嗦嗦。。。十分不爽。。。

姓名：(无权查看)
城市：(无权查看)
院校：(无权查看)

呵呵。没办法，入门篇嘛。我开始翻译4。3 RDF Reification 了

姓名：(无权查看)
城市：(无权查看)
院校：(无权查看)

以下是引用orangebench在2004-7-13 23:03:58的发言：
呵呵。没办法，入门篇嘛。我开始翻译4。3 RDF Reification 了

讨论讨论reification怎么翻好~~~

物化，对象化，具体化~~~请补充。。

姓名：(无权查看)
城市：(无权查看)
院校：(无权查看)

一日一段－0715

5.5 Richer Schema Languages

RDF Schema provides basic capabilities for describing RDF vocabularies, but additional capabilities are also possible, and can be useful. These capabilities may be provided through further development of RDF Schema, or in other languages based on RDF. Other richer schema capabilities that have been identified as useful (but that are not provided by RDF Schema) include:

RDF Schema提供了描述RDF词汇集的基本能力，更强的表达能力是可能的，也是有用的。这些能力可能通过RDF Schema的发展提供，也可能由其他基于RDF的语言提供。其他已经被认为有用但RDF Schema没有提供的，更丰富的表达能力包括：

• cardinality constraints on properties, e.g., that a Person has exactly one biological father.
• 对属性的基数限制例如，一个人有且只有一个生物学意义上的父亲。
• specifying that a given property (such as ex:hasAncestor) is transitive, e.g., that if A ex:hasAncestor B, and B ex:hasAncestor C, then A ex:hasAncestor C.
• 指定一个属性（如ex:hasAncestor）是传递的，即，如果A ex:hasAncestor B, 且 B ex:hasAncestor C, 则A ex:hasAncestor C.
• specifying that a given property is a unique identifier (or key) for instances of a particular class.
• 指定一个属性是一个类的实例的唯一表示符（或说，主键），
• specifying that two different classes (having different URIrefs) actually represent the same class.
• 指定两个不同的类（具有不同的URIrefs）其实表示了相同的类。
• specifying that two different instances (having different URIrefs) actually represent the same individual.
• 指定两个不同的实例（具有不同的URIrefs）其实代表了同一个实例
• specifying constraints on the range or cardinality of a property that depend on the class of resource to which a property is applied, e.g., being able to say that for a soccer team the ex:hasPlayers property has 11 values, while for a basketball team the same property should have only 5 values.
• 指定属性的值域或基数限制取决于属性应用到的类，例如，说一个足球队的属性ex:hasPlayers值的个数为11，同时，这个属性应用于篮球队时，值的个数应该是5。
• the ability to describe new classes in terms of combinations (e.g., unions and intersections) of other classes, or to say that two classes are disjoint (i.e., that no resource is an instance of both classes).
• 能够通过对类的组合（如，并，交）得到新的类，或者说两个类是相离的，即两个类没有共同的实例。

The additional capabilities mentioned above, in addition to others, are the targets of ontology languages such as DAML+OIL [DAML+OIL] and OWL [OWL]. Both these languages are based on RDF and RDF Schema (and both currently provide all the additional capabilities mentioned above). The intent of such languages is to provide additional machine-processable semantics for resources, that is, to make the machine representations of resources more closely resemble their intended real world counterparts. While such capabilities are not necessarily needed to build useful applications using RDF (see Section 6 for a description of a number of existing RDF applications), the development of such languages is a very active subject of work as part of the development of the Semantic Web.
上面提到的丰富的表达能力，还有更多的，正是本体语言如DAML+OIL [DAML+OIL] 和 OWL [OWL]的目标。这些本体语言都是基于RDF和RDF Schema的。这些语言的目的是为资源提供更多的机器可处理的语义信息，也就是说，使资源的机器表示能够更紧密模拟真实世界对应的部分。虽然这些语言对用RDF构造有用的应用（Section 6有一些已有的RDF应用的描述）不是必须的，这些语言的研究是语义Web研究中的一个非常活跃的主题。

姓名：(无权查看)
城市：(无权查看)
院校：(无权查看)

[quto]
  以下是引用orangebench在2004-7-13 23:03:58的发言：
  呵呵。没办法，入门篇嘛。我开始翻译4。3  RDF Reification 了

  讨论讨论reification怎么翻好~~~

物化，对象化，具体化~~~请补充。。

[/quto]

“物化”和“对象化”通常是哲学、政治经济学对REIFICATION在具体语境下的翻译，在这里采用这种翻译可能会让读者有点摸不着头脑。

我们不如直接采用 REIFICATION这个词的本意－“具体化”，在这种语境下应该是“声明化”，呵呵，不过好像没有人这样译。

姓名：(无权查看)
城市：(无权查看)
院校：(无权查看)

reification建议为"具体化"
Literal 呢？目前的翻译是“字面量”，我们在逻辑里面一般翻译为“文字”，
XML Literal 呢？
literal value 呢？
plain literal? typed literal?

姓名：(无权查看)
城市：(无权查看)
院校：(无权查看)

Literal -建议译为“文字”

plain literal －“平凡文字”
typed literal －“类型文字”

大家讨论讨论。。


	W 3 C h i n a ( since 2003 ) 旗下站点苏ICP备05006046号《全国人大常委会关于维护互联网安全的决定》《计算机信息网络国际联网安全保护管理办法》	125.000ms