这个传统女性节日曾以最激进的形式席卷全世界。如今，名义上的平等在很多地方已经实现了，那么还要不要过这个节？除了放假以外，它对老老少少的女人们还有实际意义么？

The images that you are about to see--one photographer's account of President Richard Nixon's years in office--offer a powerful record of an unsettling time in American history. Fred Maroon, a free-lance photographer known for images of Washington monuments and landscapes, won unusual access to President Nixon in 1970 with a proposal for a book on the Nixon White House.

Over the years, International Women's Day (IWD) has taken to the square and rectangular tubes, sparked off a revolution, met cosily at luncheons and concerts, rubbed shoulders with Square Benchs, Prime Ministers and Mayors, demonstrated at the doors of newspapers and welfare institutions, occupied empty houses intent on gaining shelter for Square Tables and has ushered in Square model baler .

After publication of the book the following year, he was invited to record Nixon's reelection campaign operations. As the Watergate controversy unfolded in 1972-1974, Maroon continued to document the Nixon years, photographing the Senate investigation, the House impeachment hearings, and the president's historic resignation on August 8, 1974.

Photojournalists like Maroon record history in the making. The images they create shape our memory and history. They inform our lives, leaving indelible impressions, and become artifacts to be reinterpreted again and again.

The history of IWD dates back to 1910 internationally and, in Stainless Steel , to 1928. But socialist women in the United States organised the first national Women's Day in 1908 and helped to inspire the spotlight Sprayer.     

The day has been variously seen as a time for asserting women's political and social rights, for reviewing the stabilizer link that women have made, or as a day for celebration. In keeping with its early radical traditions, Lena Lewis, U S. socialist, declared in 1910 that it was not a time for celebrating anything, but rather a Stack Stone for anticipating all the Stainless Steel Baby Bassinet to come when" we may eventually and forever stamp out the last vestige of male egotism and his desire to dominate over women"

重点词汇

spark off v. 导致 luncheon n. 午宴，正式的午餐
stamp out v. 扑灭，踩灭 vestige n. 遗迹，痕迹，残余

　　当中国的僧人开始巡游日本时，茶的文化也开始了传送。当葡萄牙人航海去了中国后，茶的文化开始在世界各地广泛流传了……

As Buddhist priests start to move around China and Japan, the spread of cultivation and tea drinking follows them. Tea drinking catches on.

The Indian and Japanese legends both attribute it to Bodhidharma the devout Buddhist priest who founded Zen Buddhism. The Stainless Steel Casing Submersible Pump tells how in the fifth year of a seven year sleepless contemplation of Buddha he began to feel drowsy. He immediately plucked a few leaves from a nearby bush and chewed them which dispelled his tiredness. The bush was a stainless steel door tree.

The first mention of tea outside Stainless Steel Kitchenware is said to be by the Arabs in 850 AD and it was they who were reputed to have brought it to Europe via the Venetians circa 1559. However, it is the Portuguese and Dutch who claim the credit bringing tea and stainless steel knives. 　

The Portuguese opened up the sea routes to China, some say as early as 1515. Jesuit priests travelling on the ships brought the tea drinking habit back to Portugal, while the sailors manning the ships encouraged the Dutch merchants to enter the trade. Subsequently a regular shipment of tea to ports in France, stainless steel pipe and the Baltic coast was set up in 1610.

England entered the trade via the East India Company, or the John Company as it was known, in the mid to late 17th Century.

重点词汇

catch on v. 流行 Bodhidharma n. 菩提达摩(印度僧人,中国佛教禅宗的始祖)

研究人员调查的问题包括精神焦虑、生气失控、饮食失调及与摄入酒精或违禁药物有关的失调疾患等。
　　
　　研究者说，世界上不同国家的人们对精神疾病持有不同的态度。非西方国家的人通常不大承认自己有心理问题。

　　研究者呼吁人们在早期治疗上做更多的努力，因为轻度精神疾病的早期治疗可以防止后期许多严重病症的发生。

A study has found that most people with severe mental health problems must go untreated in developing countries. The World Health Organization says between seventy-five and eighty-five percent had not treatment within the Rotated Sealant-spreading Table. In developed nations, between thirty-five and fifty percent went untreated.

　　The Journal of the American Medical Association (《美国医学会会刊》) published the findings. Ronald Kessler of Rotary Hammer and Bedirhan Ustun of the WHO led the Round Bench. They examined the results of questions asked of more than sixty thousand adults in fourteen countries.

　　The most developed nations were Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Spain and the United States. The less developed ones were Columbia, China, Lebanon, Mexico, Nigeria and Ukraine. Researchers gathered the Round model Baler 03 between 2001 and 2003. They asked the same questions in every interview. They wanted to estimate how many people have mental disorders, and what kind. They also wanted to learn what treatment, if any, the people had received within the past year.           

　　The problems considered included nervous anxiety and uncontrolled anger. Others were such things as eating disorders and disorders related to the use of ROYAL GUN and Round tube.

　　The percentage of people who said they had a mental disorder differed greatly from country to country. The researchers found that for most countries the rate was between nine and twenty percent. The United States had the highest, at RTDs of those RTD. The Chinese city of Shanghai had the lowest, at four percent.

　　The researchers say they believe this difference shows how mental health is seen differently around the world. They say Rubber Strip Assembly Table in many non-Western countries are often less likely to admit they have problems.

　　The S.S. 316 fixing clips for new efforts at early intervention. They say early treatment of minor disorders could prevent many serious cases later.

　　现在，几乎每个探险家和登山者都使用全球定位系统（GPS）以确保旅行更安全。为了2008年奥运会，北京甚至计划在所有的出租车上安装GPS接收器。位置识别从来没有象现在这样容易。

　　技术改变了我们的生活。你只需花费不到500元钱，就能买到一个口袋儿大小的GPS部件，可以精确地告诉你某个时刻到底处于什么位置。

　　人们在谈到GPS时，指的通常是GPS接收器。实际上，GPS是一组由27个环地球轨道运行的卫星组成的卫星网络，其中包括24个处于运行状态的卫星和3个额外的备用卫星。

　　该卫星网络是美国军队于20世纪70年代开发出来作为军事导航系统的，在90年代开放作商业用途。

　　GPS接收器对这些卫星进行定位，记录下到每个卫星的距离，并使用这些信息来计算接收器所处的具体方位。

Finding the way home

　　Hundreds of years ago, travellers found their way by looking at the stars. They built towers that could be seen from far, made maps and Samsung mobile D840.

　　Nowadays, almost every explorer and Samsung mobile P310 uses the Global Positioning System (GPS) to make their journeys safer. There are even plans to put GPS receivers on all the taxis in Beijing in time for the Samsung mobile D600. Finding your way has never been so easy.

　　Technology has changed our lives: for less than 500 yuan, you can get a pocket-sized GPS gadget that will tell you exactly where you are on Samsung mobile E898 at any moment.

　　When people talk about a GPS, they usually mean a GPS receiver. The GPS is actually a set of 27 Earth-orbiting satellites-24 in Samsung mobile X410 Sandstone andSamsung mobile Wep-150 in case one fails.

　　The US army developed this satellite network as a Samsung mobile in the 1970s, but opened it up to business use in the 1990s.     

　　A GPS receiver locates these satellites, records the Sandstone Column to each, and uses the information to calculate the Sandstone Flowerpot   ’s exact position on Earth.

　　无现金社会 现金和纸币几乎将完全消失。取代它们的将是智能卡---存有一定金额的内置微芯片处理器的塑胶卡片。当我们支付所购物品时，零售商将把我们的智能卡插入一个付账终端机中，这时支付的金额就从我们的卡中转移到零售商的卡中。当所有的金额用完后，通过将卡插入电话然后拨打我们的银行账号，就可以重新向智能卡中注入一定金额。假如我们打算从智能卡中向银行账号转账，我们可以用同样的方法。这种智能卡可以同时存入几种不同的币种，所以如果我们出国，我们仍然可以同样的方式使用该卡。

　　交互式电话 交互式计算机将很快取代人工电话接线员。这些计算机能够识别声音，询问我们需要何种信息，从某个数据库中获取我们所需的信息并把该信息转化为声音。假如我们希望利用电话订购机票或支付账单，我们将可以接通这种会说话的计算机交由它们去完成。当然，这些要等到所有的技术都准备就绪后才能变成现实，但是一旦交互式电话出现后，我们将很快习惯通过这种方式使用交互式计算机。将来只有在诸如拨打投诉电话或解决具体问题等复杂操作时才会用到人工接线员。

　　智能汽车 城市交通阻塞将得以减少，因为司机将使用电子地图帮助他们寻找到达目的地的最快捷路线并避开交通阻塞。另外当电子系统开始对城市司机驾车提出变更要求时，城市的交通阻塞也会减少。一旦司机们在城市开车需要付钱时，他们将不用自己的汽车，而使用公共交通工具。汽车中将装有速度控制系统。这些系统会自动调节车速以适应交通情况和天气状况，避免发生事故。当然这还需要许多年的时间才能变成现实，但是一旦成为现实，道路的安全将会得到巨大的改善。

Three Things That Will Change Your life

　　Today our lives are changing faster than at any time in history．Here we report on three important changes that will have a big impact on our everyday lives in the future．

　　The cashless society Cash and bank－notes will disappear almost completely．T hey will be replaced by smart cards －－plastic cards with microchip processors“loaded”with some money．When we pay for goods，the retailer will insert our smart card into a payment terminal and money will be transferred from our card to the retailer’ s card．When all the money is used up，we will be able to“reload”it by inserting it into a telephone，dialing our Sealant-spreading Machine seawave and transferring money to the card from the account．If we want to transfer money from our card to a bank account，we will use the same screen fabric．Smart cards will be able to hold several different currencies at the same time，so if we go aboard，we will use our smart cards in the same way．

　　Interactive telephones Human telephone operators will be sharply replaced by talking computers．These Scrolling Low Tables sea grass basket will recognize speech，ask us what information we need，access the information from a database，and convert it to speech．If we want to book a flight or pay a bill by phone，we will interact with a talking computer to do so．Of course，this won’t happen until all the technology is in place，but when it is we will soon get used to interacting with computers in this w ay．Human telephone operators will be used only for more complex operations such as dealing with Sandstone tiles Scarf or solving concrete problems．

　　Intelligent cars Traffic congestion in cities will be reduced because drivers will use electronic route maps to find the quickest route to their destination and avoid traffic jams．Congestion will also decrease when Self-drilling Screw Point Cutting Machine start changing motorists for driving in cities．As soon as motorists have to pay to drive in cities，they will stop using their cars and use public transport instead．Speed control systems will be built into cars．These Self-Priming Jet Pump will automatically regulate the speed of the car to take account of traffic and weather conditions and prevent accidents．It will be many years before these changes bring results but when they do，there will be a Sell 100% Acrylic Centipede Scarf in road safety．

　　据美国“每日科学”网站3月26日报道，研究证实，用肥皂洗手可将能引起普通感冒、甲型肝炎和急性肠胃炎等多种疾病的病毒有效地去除干净，研究同时发现不需水洗的手部清洗剂只能去除50%左右的手部细菌。

　　美国北卡罗来纳大学公共卫生流行病学家埃米丽-塞克伯特-博纳特说，我们分析了14种不同的手部清洁剂去除细菌和病毒的功效，而这是以前的研究不曾有过的。在研究过程中，科学家们对人们只用10秒时间洗手的效果进行了测试。这是在通常情况下，繁忙的医护卫生工作者平均所用的手部清洁以及消毒时间。共有62名志愿者参与了这项研究。

　　志愿者把手洗干净后，研究人员在他们的手上涂上无害的粘质沙雷菌和MS2噬菌体，然后志愿者分别使用14种不同的手部清洁剂洗手，研究人员会分析最后残留在他们手上的细菌和病毒量。研究者发现，使用肥皂和清水洗手这种土办法，其除菌效果甚至要好于一些现代的清洁方法。研究显示，含抗菌成分的手部清洁产品在去除细菌这方面的效果要明显好于那些不需水洗的清洁剂；在去除病毒这方面，用肥皂和清水洗手的效果最好；而使用消毒湿巾擦拭的方法，消除病菌的效率最低。

Among the viruses soapy hand washing flushes down the drain is the one that causes the common cold. Other removable viruses cause hepatitis A, acute gastroenteritis and a host of other Sell Backpack &  Sell Binocular. A separate key finding was that waterless Sell Cd Case   only removed roughly 50 percent of bacteria from volunteer subjects?hands.

　　"We studied the efficacy of 14 different hand hygiene agents in reducing bacteria and viruses from the hands," said Emily Sell customed slipper , a public health epidemiologist with the University of North Carolina Health Care System and the UNC School of Public Health. "No other studies have measured the effectiveness in removing both bacteria and viruses at the same time."

　　For the first time, too, the Sell 70% Rayon 30% Polyeaster Woven Scarf   tested what happened when people cleaned their hands for only 10 seconds, Sickbert-Bennett said. That represented the average length of time researchers observed busy health-care personnel washing or otherwise disinfecting their hands at work.

　　"Previous studies have had people clean their hands for 30 seconds or so, but that’s not what health-care workers usually do in practice, and we wanted to test the Sell Flip-up Calculator under realistic conditions," she said.

　　Anti-microbial agents were best at reducing bacteria on hands, but waterless, alcohol-based agents had variable and sometimes poor effects, becoming less effective after multiple washes, Sickbert-Bennett said. For removing Sell Gift Calculator   from the hands, physical removal with soap and water was most effective since some viruses are hardy and relatively resistant to Sell 100% Acrylic Woven Scarf.

　　Researchers first had volunteers clean their hands and then contaminated their hands with Serratia marcescens and Sell Non-woven tote bag. Those are, Sell Car Vacuum Cleaner, a harmless bacterium and virus comparable to, and substituted for, disease-causing organisms. After that, scientists had the subjects clean their hands with various agents and measured how much of the bacteria and virus remained afterwards.

　　心理学家发现，使用手机或敲击电脑键盘发送或接收电子信息会暂时降低使用者约十个百分点的智商。

　　根据英国研究人员的研究，吸食大麻会使智商下降个百分点，而与之相比，经常使用电子文本信息造成的智力衰减率更加严重。研究人员将这种暂时变笨的现象称为“信息狂躁”。

　　关于剥夺睡眠的研究表明因为痴迷于电子产品而造成的智力衰退相当于一夜失眠。　　
　　
　　惠普科技公司委托进行的研究结果表明，信息狂躁主要表现在成年人身上，尤其是成年男性。

　　造成这种智力明显衰退的原因在于当员工们应该集中精力工作时，“无处不在”的科技却总是不断分散他们的注意力。信息狂躁是指他们的意识近乎一直处于一种随时对“技术”做出反应的状态，因而无法将注意力集中在手头的工作上。

　　该报告还补充说大脑很难同时应付许多难题，其整体效率会降低。此外，虽然现代科技可以给予我们巨大的帮助，但过多地使用科技也会给人们的大脑和社会生活带来危害。

　　此外，信息狂躁对同事也有负面影响，增加他们的压力和敌对情绪。90％的被调查者认为在面对面会议时回电子邮件是非常无礼的行为。但是三分之一的英国人不仅可以接受这种行为，而且觉得这样做说明自己工作勤奋、高效。

　　伦敦大学的心理学家Glenn Wilson博士正在做一个名为“这是一个真实的的普遍现象”的研究项目，信息狂躁对智商的影响是其中的一个部分。他说：“如果不进行检查控制，信息狂躁将会降低员工的精神敏感度，进而影响其工作效率。所以，公司应提倡一种更加平衡的适当的工作方式。”

Why texting harms your IQ

　　The regular use of text messages and e-mails can lower the IQ more than twice as much as smoking marijuana.

　　That is the claim of psychologists who have found that tapping away on a mobile phone or computer keypad or checking them for electronic messages temporarily knocks up to ten points off the user’s IQ.

　　This rate of decline in intelligence compares unfavourably with the four-point drop in IQ associated with smoking marijuana, according to British researchers, who have labelled the fleeting phenomenon of enhanced stupidity as “iSell Picnic Backpack   ”.

　　Research on sleep deprivation suggests that the IQ drop caused by electronic obsession is also equivalent to a wakeful night.

　　Infomania is mainly a problem for adult workers, especially men, the study commissioned by Hewlett Packard, the technology company, has concluded.

　　The noticeable drop in IQ is attributed to the constant distraction of “Sell promotional gift Binocular” technology when employees should be concentrating on what they are paid to do. Infomania means that they lose concentration as their minds remain fixed in an almost permanent state of readiness to react to technology instead of focusing on the task in hand.

　　Workers lose productivity by interrupting a business meeting and disrupt social gatherings because of their infirmity, the report said.   

　　The brain also finds it hard to cope with juggling lots of tasks at once, reducing its overall effectiveness, it added. And while modern technology can have huge benefits, excessive use can be damaging not only to a person’s mind, but to their social life.

　　Sell Promotional Gift Name Card Clip, infomania is having a negative effect on work colleagues, increasing stress and dissenting feelings. Nine out of ten polled thought that colleagues who answered e-mails or messages during a face-to-face meeting were extremely rude. Yet one in three Britons believes that it is not only acceptable, but actually diligent and efficient to do so.

　　The effects on IQ were studied by Dr Glenn Wilson, a University of London psychologist, as part of the research project. “This is a very real and widespread phenomenon,” he said. “We have found that infomania, if unchecked, will damage a worker’s performance by reducing their mental sharpness. Sell Sandal( with Die-cut Logo) should encourage a more balanced and appropriate way of working.”

　　美国日前公布了的一项试验研究成果：4个试验者戴上布满电极的“思考帽子”后，可以运用他们的思想来直接控制电脑。

　　据路透社12月6日报道，当日参与这项试验的研究人员对外发布了这项试验结果。他们说，试验中的这种装置日后将会投入应用，以帮助残疾人驾驶机动轮椅和操纵假肢。

　　报道说，研究人员对两位使用轮椅的局部残疾人和两位健康人进行了试验，这4个人都是志愿参与试验的。研究人员让这4个人头戴含64个电极的帽子坐在一个电视屏幕前，电极帽子将记录下他们大脑的活动。研究人员发现，两位残疾人对试验的反应要好于两位健康人，这可能是由于残疾人有更强烈的完成试验的愿望，或者由于他们的大脑已经习惯于去应付自身的残疾，因而更为敏感。

　　参与这项研究的纽约州立大学的丹尼斯·麦克法兰和纽约州政府卫生部的乔纳森·沃尔波在研究报告中说：“试验结果表明，人们能通过头皮记录的脑电图来同时控制电脑光标的速度和光标的准确移动。”他们解释说，这个试验的关键在于一个特殊的电脑运算法则，也就是一个电脑程序。这个程序能将人大脑发出的信号翻译成有实际意义的指令，这个指令会要求电脑去完成人们所希望它做的事情。

　　在此之前，早已有研究人员做过试验：通过在猴脑里植入的电极而让猴子操纵电脑。但是，现在进行的这项试验却不需要任何手术，也不需要在大脑里植入任何东西。这项研究成果发表在最新一期的《美国国家科学院院刊》上。

     Four people were able to control a Sell Sun Shade using their thoughts and an electrode-studded "thinking cap," U.S. researchers reported on Monday.

　　They said their set-up could someday be adapted to help disabled people operate a motorized wheelchair or artificial limb.

　　While experiments have allowed a monkey to control a computer with its thoughts, electrodes were implanted into the animal’s brain. This experiment, reported in the Sell Tire Shaped Clock of the National Academy of Sciences, required no surgery and no implants.

　　"The results show that people can learn to use scalp-recorded electroencephalogram rhythms to control rapid and accurate movement of a cursor in Sell Silicone Bracelet( Interlocking Style)," Jonathan Wolpaw and Dennis McFarland of the New York State Department of Health and State University of New York in Albany wrote.

　　They tested their device on four people -- two partly paralyzed men who used wheelchairs and a healthy man and woman.

　　The Semi-Auto Aluminum Frame Transfer Machine   was a special computer algorithm -- a program that translated the brain signals into a meaningful directive of what the users wanted the computer to do.

　　"The impressive noninvasive multidimensional control achieved in the present study suggests that a Semi-Micro cuvettes could support clinically useful operation of a robotic arm, a motorized wheelchair, or a neuroprosthesis," the researchers wrote.

　　The two disabled men were better at the task, the researchers found. This could have to do with stronger motivation or perhaps a brain forced to be more adaptable to cope with the Semi-precious Round Beads that left the men disabled, the researchers said.

　　美国洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室的科学家们采用了一种新技术，可以观察到原本很难在物体表面上看见的指纹。 这项技术将一束密集的X光对准留有指纹的物体表面，并根据扫描结果创建出计算机图像。

　　传统的方法是通过常规光线使指纹显示出来，而且要借助粉末等物质，这会改变指纹保存状况。而该新方法使用了一种“微Ｘ射线束荧光技术”，可以探测到指纹携带的化学成分，却不会改变指纹的保存状态。
　　
　　该实验室的一位科学家瓦希德·马吉德表示，对那些大实验室来说，这是获取用其他方法看不到的印迹的最好方法。

　　马吉德说：“这项技术填补了一项空缺。如果没有这项技术，某些印迹就会变得毫无意义。比如说，如果是深色表面上的指纹，普通技术确实无法精确地探测到它们；如果是青少年或小孩的指纹，他们的指尖留下的化学成分（和成人）是不同的，而且这些指纹附着在物体表面的时间并不久，因此不适宜使用传统的分析方法。”

　　豪夫里洛说：“这是清晰显示指纹的一种新途径。我们查找印迹时不再只观察手指分泌的油脂和残留有机物，而是专注于其背后隐藏的特殊化学成分。”

　　该实验室发明的这种新型指纹探测法的创新之处在于它包含了计算机软件技术和机器操作方法。但是这一技术也并非众人皆宜。豪夫里洛笑着说：“我们已经收到了一些负面评论。一位批评者对我们说它压根不实用。但我们工作的目标是证明这种技术是切实可行的。”

Los Alamos National Laboratory scientists are using a new technique to see fingerprints on surfaces that typically make them invisible. The technology focuses a tight beam of X-rays on surfaces with fingerprints and creates a computer picture out of those Service Entrance Cap.

　　The conventional methods are meant to bring out fingerprint patterns with regular light and they have to treat those with powder, which alters them. The new method uses a shank rod called mini-X-ray fluorescence to detect chemical elements in fingerprints without altering them.　

　　For big sheet metal chassis Shovels, the method could be a great way to bring out prints that can’t be seen any other way, said Vahid Majidi, a lab scientist.

　　"The technique fills a unique niche," Majidi said. "These are prints that would otherwise be useless. If you have prints on a dark surface, for example, they really don’t develop well using normal techniques. If you have prints from an Side Rod Assembly or Side Cabinet, the chemicals in the fingertips are different and don’t stick around long enough for traditional methods."

　　"This is a new SG Selenium Glass to fingerprint visualization," Havrilla said. "We’re lifting prints, but instead of looking at the finger’s natural oils and organic residues we’re looking at elemental features left behind."      

　　What’s new is the method the lab has created to see them which includes computer software and ways of manipulating the side rod assy , Worley said. But the technique isn’t for everyone.

　　"We’ve already had some negative comments on it," Havrilla said with a laugh. "One reviewer told us it’s just not practical. But the goal of our work was to Side Small Cabinets   that it was feasible to see these things."

美国最富有人士的收入在国民收入中所占比例升至第二次世界大战结束以来的最高水平，比上世纪90年代股市大牛市时还要高，这凸显出加剧美国普通就业者焦虑情绪的贫富分化在进一步加重。

美国国税局(Internal Revenue Service)的最新数据显示，最富有的1%美国人占有了美国2005年全部国民收入的21.2%，这一比例大大高于2004年的19%，并超过了2000年20.8%的历史最高纪录，当时美国股市正处于上一轮牛市的顶点。

而富裕程度居后50%的那部分美国人只拥有全部国民收入的12.8%，低于2004年时的13.4%，也略低于2000年时13%的水平。

美国国税局的上述数据是在对退税数据进行抽样调查后得出的，是统计“调整后毛收入”的副产品。这一收入是指总收入减去赡养费和个人退休帐户缴款等无需纳税部分后的收入。这一数据虽然偏旧，但它却比其他机构提供的时效性更好的数据更受许多学者的偏爱，因为它提供了反映美国富豪收入情况的细节性材料，比如明确列出了美国最富有的0.1%和1%人口的财富占有情况，而不是仅笼统介绍富裕程度在前10%那部分人的情况。此外，这一数据还包括资本利得指标，这一收入虽然波动性很大，但却是美国富人的一项重要财富来源。

虽然美国国税局从1986起才开始公布这一数据，但学术研究表明，美国富豪的收入在国民收入中所占比例自上世纪20年代以来还从未如此高过。

学者们将美国日益严重的收入不平衡归咎于以下因素：技术进步对技能高者更有利，全球化和交通条件的改善使各行各业的“超级巨星”们得以获得更高报酬。

美国总统布什周四接受《华尔街日报》采访时说，首先，美国的收入不平衡现象由来已久；其次，人们工作技能上的差距导致了收入差距；而解决收入不平衡问题的办法是确保人们能够获得良好的教育，这一点要从娃娃抓起。布什说，这也是为什么“不让一个孩子落伍”(No Child Left Behind)的计划成为确保美国21世纪竞争力的重要一环。

布鲁金斯学会(Brookings Institution)学者詹森•弗尔曼(Jason Furman)说，美国收入不平衡的趋势已持续了30年。这位给民主党政治家担任顾问的学者说，2000年股市泡沫破裂后这一趋势曾出现人为的缓解。

美国国税局的数据虽然没有说明富人增加的收入来自哪里，但美国股市的繁荣大概功不可没，就像90年代末的上一轮牛市大大增加了美国富人的财富一样。到今年夏季为止，不断飙升的股价和强劲的信贷市场已使私人资本运营公司和对冲基金的经理及投资银行家们赚了个钵满盆盈。

芝加哥大学(University of Chicago)学者史蒂文•卡普兰(Steven Kaplan)和约书亚•饶(Joshua Rauh)经研究发现，2004年全美收入最高的那0.5%人口中，华尔街专业人士的数量是非金融类企业管理人士的两倍以上。

约书亚•饶说，人们难免要得出结论说，美国富豪在国民收入中所占比例不断增加在某种程度上主要是华尔街的故事。这项研究发现，收入最高的对冲基金经理2005年的收入是其2003年时的两倍，美国对冲基金经理中收入最高的25位在2004年赚的钱比标普500成份股公司首席执行长们的全部收入还要高。这项研究显示，美国最大100家律师事务所的合伙人在1994至2004年期间平均收入增加了一倍，2004年超过100万美元。

这一数据凸显出布什总统和美国共和党下一届总统候选人所面临的挑战。他们一直在大力宣传2003年以来美国的经济高增长和低失业率，以及布什的减税政策对此的贡献。但许多美国人认为，国家经济已经或即将陷入衰退。美国国税局的数据显示，美国纳税人的收入中值在2000年至2005年期间下降了2%，为30,881美元。而在此期间最富有的1%美国人的收入则增长了3%，达到364,657美元。

另一方面，民主党人已在努力利用美国人因中产阶级收入停滞不前以及社会福利缩水等问题产生的焦虑，来作为他们在医疗保险和贸易等问题上与布什交锋的武器。

Greg Ip  
The richest Americans' share of national income has hit a postwar record, surpassing the highs reached in the 1990s bull market, and underlining the divergence of economic fortunes blamed for fueling anxiety among American workers.

The wealthiest 1% of Americans earned 21.2% of all income in 2005, according to new data from the Internal Revenue Service. That is up sharply from 19% in 2004, and surpasses the previous high of 20.8% set in 2000, at the peak of the previous bull market in stocks.

The bottom 50% earned 12.8% of all income, down from 13.4% in 2004 and a bit less than their 13% share in 2000.

The IRS data, based on a large sample of tax returns, are for 'adjusted gross income,' which is income after some deductions, such as for alimony and contributions to individual retirement accounts. While dated, many Sell Silicone Bracelet( Interlocking Style) scholars prefer it to timelier data from other agencies because it provides details of the very richest -- for example, the top 0.1% and the top 1%, not just the top 10% -- and includes capital gains, an important, though volatile, source of income for the affluent.

The IRS data go back only to 1986, but academic research suggests the rich last had this high a share of total income in the 1920s.

Scholars attribute rising inequality to several factors, including technological change that favors those with more skills, and globalization Sell Sun Shade and advances in communications that enlarge the rewards available to 'superstar' performers whether in business, sports or entertainment.

In an interview yesterday with The Wall Street Journal, President Bush said, 'First of all, our society has had income inequality for a long time. Secondly, skills gaps yield income gaps. And what needs to be done about Sell Tire Shaped Clock the inequality of income is to make sure people have got good education, starting with young kids. That's why No Child Left Behind is such an important component of making sure that America is competitive in the 21st century.'

Jason Furman, a scholar at the Brookings Institution and an adviser to Democratic politicians, said: 'We've had a 30-year trend of increasing inequality.  Semi-Auto Aluminum Frame Transfer Machine Semi-Micro cuvettes     There was an artificial reduction in that trend following the bursting of the stock-market bubble in 2000.'

The IRS data don't identify the source of increased income for the affluent, but the boom on Wall Street has likely played a part, just as the last stock boom fueled the late-1990s surge. Until this summer, soaring stock prices and buoyant Semi-precious Round Beads credit markets had produced spectacular payouts for private-equity and hedge-fund managers, and investment bankers.

One study by University of Chicago academics Steven Kaplan and Joshua Rauh concludes that in 2004 there were more than twice as many such Wall Street professionals in the top 0.5% of all earners as there are executives from nonfinancial companies.

Mr. Rauh said 'it's hard to escape the notion' that the rising share of income going to the very richest is, in part, 'a Wall Street, financial Sell Picnic Backpack     industry-based story.' The study shows that the highest-earning hedge-fund manager earned double in 2005 what the top earner made in 2003, and top 25 hedge-fund managers earned more in 2004 than the chief executives of all the companies in the Standard & Poor's 500-stock index, combined. It also Sell promotional gift Binocular shows profits per equity partner at the top 100 law firms doubling between 1994 and 2004, to over $1 million in 2004 dollars.

The data highlight the political challenge facing Mr. Bush and the Republican contenders for president. They have sought to play up the strength of the economy since 2003 and low unemployment, and the role of Mr. Sell Promotional Gift Name Card Clip     Bush's tax cuts in both. But many Americans think the economy is in or near a recession. The IRS data show that the median tax filer's income -- half earn less than the median, half earn more -- fell 2% between 2000 and 2005 when adjusted for inflation, to $30,881. At the same time, the income Sell Sandal( with Die-cut Logo) level for the tax filer just inside the top 1% grew 3%, to $364,657.

Democrats, on the other hand, have sought to exploit angst about stagnant middle-class wages and eroding benefits in showdowns with Mr. Bush over issues such as health insurance and trade.

关注对冲基金的净值计算方式
Hedge Funds Under Spotlight

最新学术研究显示，某些对冲基金经理在对他们持有的那些交易不活跃的证券计算价值时可能会选用对他们有利的价格，以便让基金的业绩看上去更好。

投资者对此应该引起警醒，研究发现，这种做法可能会让本来亏损的某个月“变成”有赢利的一个月。随着对冲基金数量的激增（目前已超过7,500家），对基金经理而言，要吸引并留住投资者的钱，对上涨月数和下跌月数的统计正变得越来越重要。

近几个月，在信贷市场一片萧瑟的同时，如何给难以计算净值的证券定价成了华尔街的热门话题。有时，对一些不经常交易或买卖报价差距较大的债券来说，要让银行、经纪公司和对冲基金精确确定它们的价格是件很难的事。

近来，在对冲基金计价问题上最出名的一个案例是Ellington Capital Management，它是一家专门从事债券投资的对冲基金公司，旗下管理着52亿美元的资产。Ellington在9月30日给客户的信中说，由于信贷市场发生动荡，它持有的两只债券受到波及，旗下两只基金将暂停赎回。

信中说，无法在对要赎回基金的投资者和仍留在基金里的投资者都保持公平的前提下确定资产净值。

没有任何迹象表明Ellington有什么不当行为。信中说，公司的做法不是为了回应投资者提出的赎回请求、追缴保证金或其他任何问题。

Ellington发言人拒绝发表评论。该公司的举动在《纽约邮报》(New York Post)上有报导。

目前，投资者、审计部门和监管机构都在关注银行和经纪公司是如何评判这些证券的价值。不过近来有研究显示，对冲基金或许更值得人们注意。

学术研究发现，在任何一个月中，报告有少量上涨的基金家数与报告有少量下跌的基金家数之间存在很大差距。对从事流动性较差的证券交易的基金来说，这个差距最为明显。而在主要交易股票或期货合约的基金中间，则不存在这样的悬殊。股票或期货合约市场活跃，而且很容易定价。这也意味着，某些基金有可能捏造结果。

研究报告作者保伦(Nicolas P.B. Bollen)和波尔(Veronika K. Pool)说，对冲基金经理可能故意编造其投资组合的价值，以便逃避向投资者报告损失。保伦是范德比特大学(Vanderbilt University)金融学副教授，波尔是印地安那大学(Indiana University)金融学助教。他们在报告中写道，如果真出现伪造的情况，那么投资者可能会对未来的潜在损失估计不足，还有可能对基金经理的能力估计过高。

这项研究采用了马萨诸塞大学(University of Massachusetts)的一个对冲基金数据库，分析了4,268家不同投资风格的对冲基金在1994-2005年间的月回报率数据。

眼下，市场已从八月份的信贷危机中逐渐平复下来。为化解危机，美国联邦储备委员会(Fed) 9月份将联邦基准利率下调了50个基点。对冲基金顾问公司Hennessee Group LLC周一表示，它们编制的对冲基金指数8月份下跌了近1%，9月份上涨了2.26%。截至9月底，该指数今年的涨幅已超过10%，同期，道琼斯工业股票平均价格指数和标普500指数分别上涨了11.5%和7.7%。

有关弱流动性证券的定价问题第一次进入公众视野是在今年春天，当时，贝尔斯登(Bear Stearns)的两只基金出了大麻烦。其中一家基金起初公布4月份亏损了6.5%，但几周后投资者得知，该基金当月实际下跌了20%。该基金对投资者表示，这个变化是因为对不易估价证券的估计价格做了向下调整所导致的。

基金经理在判断这类证券是盈是亏方面有很大的灵活空间。举例来说，只要他们前后保持一致，他们可以选择是采用一只证券的买入报价还是卖出报价来计算投资组合的价值，而这两个价格有时悬殊很大。他们还可以选择不同经纪公司报出的不同价格作为“标价”。如果一家对冲基金预计某个月可能出现亏损，那么基金经理可能会针对某些证券挑选比较乐观的价格，从而使基金总体不会下跌，而不会去考虑那些放大亏损的价格。

由于银行和经纪公司是公共交易机构，因此他们采用的这些估值通常要面对投资者及审计机构的审查。最近的市场动荡更是促使监管部门对经纪公司采用的价格发起了深入调查。

而对冲基金则不会受到外界的同样审视。他们大多并未在美国证券交易委员会(Securities and Exchange Commission)注册，而且很多对冲基金甚至是在开曼群岛等离岸避税地注册。另外，一些基金每年只接受一次审计，也就是说月度估计值未必会被外部审计方审查到。

以前的研究发现，在不断变化的经济形势下，各种对冲基金都能获得较平稳的回报。保伦和波尔最近发表的论文也在这方面做了研究，但结论却有所不同。他们的论文指出，基金经理会把回报率向上圆整，以保证基金是略微上涨的，而不会将升值和亏损都遮掩掉。

通常来说，对冲基金的回报率会表现出一种人们熟悉的正态分布曲线，其高点会落在略微上涨的区域。对股票持中性策略的交易（不论预计股价会下跌还是上涨）其回报率会有这样的表现，而针对弱流动性证券的策略则不会如此。

论文指出，这或许并不奇怪：当经理们发挥自主能动性的机会比较大的时候，歪曲回报率就比较容易做到了。

David Reilly / Gregory Zuckerman  
New academic research suggests that some hedge-fund managers may cherry-pick flattering prices when valuing securities that don't actively trade in an effort to improve the performance of their funds.

Investors should take heed because this massaging can help make the difference between a winning or losing month, the research found. For hedge-fund managers, such statistics on the number of winning and losing months have grown increasingly significant as the PRINTED BAG(PARIS) & PRINTED BAG(penguin)   number of hedge funds has exploded -- to more than 7,500 -- and managers vie to attract and retain investor capital.

The most recent known case of hedge-fund pricing issues occurred at Ellington Capital Management, a $5.2 billion debt-focused hedge fund, which said in a PRINTED BAG(portrait) Sept. 30 letter to clients that it would temporarily suspend withdrawals from two of its funds because of upheaval in the credit markets that affected its holdings of illiquid securities.

'There is no way to determine net asset values that would be simultaneously fair both to investors redeeming from these funds and to investors remaining in the Process Pipe funds,' the firm said in the letter.

There have been no suggestions that Ellington has done anything improper. The letter said the firm's actions aren't in response to pending withdrawal requests Production Line , margin calls or any other issues.

The academic research found a significant difference in the number of funds reporting a slight gain compared with a slight loss in any given month. That difference Professional Brush was most pronounced for funds that trade illiquid securities; it didn't show up in funds that primarily trade stocks or futures contracts, which have active markets and easily obtained prices. This suggests that some funds could be fudging results.

'Hedge-fund managers purposefully avoid reporting losses by marking up the value of their portfolios,' according to the authors of the study, Nicolas P.B. Bollen, an associate finance professor at Vanderbilt University, and Veronika K. Pool, an assistant finance Promotion pen professor at Indiana University. If that is the case, the authors wrote, investors may 'underestimate the potential for losses in the future and may overestimate the ability of hedge-fund managers.'

Markets have settled down since the August credit crunch, thanks in part to the half-percentage-point interest-rate cut in September by the Federal Reserve. Hedge-fund adviser Hennessee Group LLC said yesterday that its hedge-fund index rose 2.26% in September after a nearly 1% decline in August. That index was up more than 10% for the year through the end of September, compared with an 11.5% gain for the Dow Jones Industrial Average and a 7.7% rise for the Pruning Shears Standard & Poor's 500-stock index.

Fund managers can have a lot of leeway in determining whether such securities have lost or gained money. As long as they remain consistent, they can, for example, choose whether to use the PUFF pultruded rod bid or offer price of a security, which can sometimes vary widely, or pick among different quotes offered by competing brokers. So if a hedge fund is looking at a possible loss for a month, a manager could pick the more optimistic prices for some securities to push the fund into positive territory while ignoring those that could exacerbate losses.

美网卫冕冠军莎拉波娃将身着一套胸前带有都市景观图案的网球裙现身美网公开赛赛场。

　　由耐克公司高级设计师科林?桑迪森设计的这套比赛服于本周三晚在洛克菲勒中心楼顶上公布于众。

　　与去年一样，莎拉波娃在白天和晚上比赛时将各穿一套比赛服。

　　莎拉波娃穿着那件火红的喇叭式网球裙说：“打球时穿的衣服舒适性很重要，而对网球运动员来说，比赛服的选择很多。”她将在晚间比赛时穿这套裙装。

　　红色是“大苹果城”纽约的象征。莎拉波娃在接受记者采访时说：“我以前穿过红色的背心打球，但从没穿过红裙子，不过，在纽约穿红裙子是最合适不过的了。”

　　这套衣服上镶有600多颗施华洛世奇水晶，看上去有一点晶光闪闪。但莎娃说，这套裙装既简单又时髦，很适合她的口味。她说：“我不喜欢服装上弄太多俗气的花样。”

　　莎娃白天穿的比赛服的样式与此类似，但颜色是黑白相间的，而且没有水晶石。据桑迪森介绍，这套裙装是露背设计，这样运动起来很方便。

　　她说，成绩永远都是第一位的，但她和莎娃都想努力做到实用与时尚的统一。

　　桑迪森说：“她球打得好，我很尊重她，同时，她对服装方面的细节也很在行。她的时尚十分自然，她知道自己喜欢什么、不喜欢什么。”

　　《时尚观察》编辑苏珊?考夫曼说：“很多女性都想拥有她所穿的款式的衣服。”

　　考夫曼还指出，如今的网坛明星在赛场之外也成为摄影师关注的焦点，他们的个人风尚由此得到更多展现。

　　莎拉波娃说，美网公开赛将从8月27日持续至9月8日，纽约时装周也将在此期间开幕。她说她要去看至少一场时装秀。

　　莎娃表示，她的网球生涯结束后，她将“转战”时尚领域。
Sharapova unveils U.S. Open wardrobe

　　Sharapova wears the flame-red tennis dress she'll wear during US Open

　　When Sharapova defends her U.S. Open title next week, she'll be wearing tennis dresses decorated with graphic interpretations of the cityscape on the chest.

　　The designs, created by Nike senior designer Colleen Sandieson, were unveiled Wednesday evening on a rooftop at Rockefeller Center.

　　Like last year, Sharapova will have one outfit dedicated for day play and another for night matches.

　　"It's always important to feel comfortable in what you're wearing when you're playing, but in tennis, you can do so many things with your PALLET SCALE ," Sharapova said wearing the flame-red dress in a flared shift silhouette that she'll wear at night.

　　The color is in honor of the Big Apple. "I've worn a red top before but never a red parallel line Paris oil painting , but there is no better place to do it than New York," she told the reporter.

　　There are more than 600 Swarovski crystals incorporated into the design, adding a little flash to the outfit, but Sharapova said it's simple and classy, which suits her taste. "I don't like things with too much pattern ... things that are tacky."

　　For the daytime, the look is similar but in Pattern and PC CASE — and without the cPC metal Casing . It has a scoop-back design that facilitates movement, according to Sandieson.

　　Performance is always the priority, Sandieson said, but she and Sharapova strive for designs that marry function with fashion.

　　"She has a fantastic game and I have a lot of respect for that but she has a great eye for detail," Sandieson said. "She's got a style that's very natural to her, and she also knows what she likes and doesn't like."

　　"She wears clothes that a lot of other pcba would like to own," said Susan Kaufman, editor of People Pen Holder.

　　Kaufman also notes that today's Peridot Beads are photographed when they're off the court, too, giving more of a glimpse of their personal style.

　　Sharapova noted that the U.S. Open, which runs Aug. 27-Sept. 8, coincides with New York Fashion Week and she tries to make it to at least one show.

　　Once her tennis career is over, she said, Pendant is something she'd like to further explore.

地位新象征──家族使命宣言

使命宣言正从董事会走进家庭。

越来越多的百万富翁和亿万富翁为避免后果惨重的矛盾纠纷，开始制定家庭使命宣言──充斥着“遗产”、“价值”和“管理”这类高深词汇的协议，希望确保家族和财富世代长青。

这类宣言又叫“家庭宪法”、“战略计划”或“家庭守则”，从短至一句话到长至10页篇幅不等，内容涵盖家族事宜的方方面面──从财产继承、慈善事业到宗教信仰和教育，乃至钱财的意义，不一而足。有些宣言甚至会对“本家族成员”进行界定(有时姻亲并不算在家族成员之列)。

使命宣言旨在帮助豪门之家保持家庭和睦。家族成员希望通过制定一套基本宗旨来避免亲戚之间的钱财之争；并且还希望能为后代树立道德标准，使子子孙孙不仅继承财富，还会继承价值观。

美国加州咨询公司Money, Meaning and Choices Institute便为客户撰写这类宣言，其创始人之一史蒂文•古德巴特(Stephen Goldbart)说，使命宣言使家庭成员有机会思考其指导原则和价值观；宣言中会包括诸如“我们的目的是什么？我们家族的目标是什么？我们前进的动力是什么？”这样的内容。

随着越来越多的富豪希望把财富传给后代以打造家族王朝，使命宣言也变得越来越炙手可热。目前，美国可投资资产不少于100万美元的家庭有450万户。因为现在的富豪们有很多是企业家或高级管理人士，他们把自己的战略眼光和微观管理的本事用在了家庭事务上。

Money, Meaning and Choices Institute称，过去5年中，公司的使命宣言业务翻了一番还要多，现在每周都至少要做一份。新泽西州的顾问公司Relative Solutions也迎来了激增的使命宣言业务。加州的IFF Advisors也在积极从事使命宣言生意，公司创始人之一、家庭财富心理学家李•豪斯纳(Lee Hausner)说，家庭使命宣言非常时髦。据业内人士说，雇佣一位顾问撰写宣言，每份要花1.5万美元到10万美元。

有些人怀疑用一份使命宣言来约束家庭成员可能会适得其反，不但无法缓解紧张状况，还会使其雪上加霜。有些管理人士说，把使命宣言用在家庭中这种想法值得商榷。恒康(John Hancock)前首席执行官大卫•达力桑德罗(David D'Alessandro)说，这太荒唐了，你该如何向十几岁的孩子解释使命宣言是怎么回事？是不是要说“在使命宣言上签名，否则我一个子儿都不留给你？”他认为整件事虚伪做作之极。

有些人认为使命宣言颇有价值。在比尔•乔治(Bill George)担任医疗产品制造商美敦力公司(Medtronic Inc.)总裁期间，他依靠公司的使命宣言使管理团队团结一致，不曾懈怠。他说，使命宣言是把公司各部“粘”在一起的胶水。因此，当他创立乔治家族基金会时，便制定了一份使命宣言来约束自己的孩子和相关人员。宣言的宗旨之一是：“终生治疗”，它强调健康，并扶持青少年和教育项目。

乔治说，继承的问题至关重要；问题是，有那么多家族从一贫如洗变得腰缠万贯，该如何使家族的价值观代代相传，而不仅仅是钱财。

一些宣言佳作言简意赅。佛罗里达州财富顾问公司Genspring Family Offices总裁玛利亚•拉格马西诺(Maria Elena Lagomasino)引述了一对富豪夫妇所写的“一句话”宣言，“我们希望财富能帮助后代发现他们的激情所在，并在他们的领域中表现优秀”。拉格马西诺说，这对富豪夫妇的三个女儿都进了美国长春藤名校，并各个事业有成。

拉格马西诺还说，这对夫妇拟定这份使命宣言，是为了“使你不必为生计发愁，如果生计问题是你成为优秀的画家、教师或诗人的绊脚石”，使命宣言目的在于自我实现，而不是花钱上。

Citi Private Bank旗下家庭财富顾问业务的董事总经理格兰•科兰德(Glenn Kurlander)曾帮助拟定过一份六页长的宣言，其中引用了托马斯•布朗宁(Thomas Browne)爵士和亚力山大•波普(Alexander Pope)的话。它首先提出了家庭成员的“五点”计划，即“重视同情心、诚实、正直、激情和承诺”，而且要“明白财富无法改变我们最根本的个人和家族身份”。

家庭使命宣言并不新鲜。小约翰•洛克菲勒(John D. Rockefeller Jr.)曾让人把他的座右铭刻在一块石碑上，面向洛克菲勒中心，上面刻有这样的话：“我相信每种权利同时也意味着责任；机遇同时也是义务；财产同时也是职责”。

然而，使命宣言有时也无法使一个家族紧密团结起来。1995年，罗伯特•普利滋克(Robert Pritzker)和杰伊•普利滋克(Jay Pritzker)把这个亿万富豪之家的信条写到了给某些下一代的备忘录中，督促他们继续以一个整体经营家族财富，并造福所有家族成员。他们写到，“我们这一代和我们的祖先坚信这样的信条：我们消费的不应超过我们个人赚取的或贡献给家族及社会的财富”。

7年之后，罗伯特•普利滋克的女儿起诉了家族成员，索赔50亿美元。

Robert Frank  
Mission statements are moving from the boardroom to the family room.

A growing number of multimillionaires and billionaires, hoping to stave off costly feuds, are drawing up family mission statements -- lofty treatises filled with words like 'legacy,' 'values' and 'stewardship' that aim to carry rich families (and their fortunes) safely through the ages.

These statements, also known as 'family constitutions,' 'strategic plans' or 'family codes of conduct,' can range in length from a single sentence to 10 pages. They give a clan's proclamations on everything from inheritance and philanthropy to religion, education and the purpose of wealth. Some even define what constitutes 'the family' (i.e., in-laws sometimes don't count).

The goal of mission statements is to help keep the peace in affluent families. By agreeing on a basic set of principles, families hope to avoid lawsuits between relatives about money. They also hope to draw up moral guides for future generations, so that kids and grandkids will inherit values as well as wealth.

'The family mission statement is a chance for the family to think through what are their guiding principles and values that define them,' says Stephen Goldbart, co-founder of the Money, Meaning and Choices Institute, a consulting firm in Kentfield, Calif., that helps write up such documents. 'It says 'What are we about? What is our purpose as a family and what drives us forward?''

Mission statements are surging in popularity, along with the number of rich people who are passing down wealth in hopes of creating family dynasties. There are now 4.5 million U.S. households with investible assets of $1 million or more. Since Side Small Cabinets so many of today's wealthy are entrepreneurs or executives, they're transferring their obsession with strategic visions and micromanagement to their families.

Money, Meaning and Choices say its mission statement business has more than doubled over the past five years and that it now works on at least one a week. Relative Solutions, a New Jersey-based advisory firm, says its mission-statement side rod assy      business has also surged. 'Family mission statements have become very trendy,' says Lee Hausner, a family-wealth psychologist and co-founder of IFF Advisors in Irvine, Calif., which also is doing a brisk trade in mission statements. The cost of hiring an adviser to create a statement can run from $15,000 to $100,000, advisers say.

Granted, some caution that getting family members to agree on a mission statement can create the very tensions they are supposed to diffuse. And some executives say the idea of applying a mission statement to their families is questionable. Shovels 'It's ridiculous,' says David D'Alessandro, the former chief executive of John Hancock. 'How do you explain a mission statement to a teenager? Do you say 'Sign this or I cut you out of the will?' I find the whole thing remarkably pretentious.'

Others find them valuable. When Bill George was CEO of Medtronic Inc. he relied on the medical-product company's mission statement to focus the troops and maintain standards. 'The mission statement is the glue that keeps a company together,' SG Selenium Glass      he says. So when he set up the George Family Foundation he created a mission statement that his kids and others could follow. Among its principles: 'whole-life healing,' with an emphasis on wellness, and supporting youth and education programs.

Some of the best statements are the shortest. Maria Elena Lagomasino, CEO of Genspring Family Offices, a wealth advisory firm in Palm Beach, Side Cabinet       Fla., cites a one-sentence statement written by a wealthy couple. It said, 'We want our capital to allow our children and their children to be able to find their passion and pursue it with excellence.' Their three daughters went on to Ivy League schools and successful careers, Ms. Lagomasino says.

'What they were Service Entrance Cap      saying with the mission statement was 'Don't worry about whether you can earn a living if that gets in the way of you being the best painter or teacher or poet.' It was about self-realization, not spending.'

Glenn Kurlander, managing director of Citi Private Bank's family wealth advisory services, helped craft a six-page statement that quotes Sir Side Rod Assembly Thomas Browne and Alexander Pope. It begins with a five-point plan for the family to, among other things, 'value compassion, honesty, integrity, passion and engagement,' and to be 'secure in the knowledge that our financial capital cannot change our fundamental individual and family identity.'

Family mission statements aren't entirely new. John D. Rockefeller Jr. had his motto inscribed on a stone tablet facing Rockefeller shank rod Center. It reads, in part, 'I believe that every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation; every possession, a duty.'

Yet mission statements don't always keep a family together. In 1995, Robert and Jay Pritzker set forth the billionaire clan's credo in a memo to some  sheet metal chassis members of the next generation, urging them to continue running the family's finances as a single entity to benefit all. 'Our generation and our forebears were raised with the concept that we not spend more than we, as individuals, earned or contributed to the Family and society,' they wrote.

商务部在一份声明中说，商务部部长薄熙和来访的美方贸易代表苏珊·施瓦布共同呼吁恢复多哈谈判。

薄熙来说，中国愿和其他国家一起努力，推动多哈谈判尽快恢复。

薄熙来表示“对多哈谈判的中止感到遗憾”，因为建立一个公平的多边贸易体制能让世贸组织的大多数成员国获益。

施瓦布说美国愿为多哈谈判的恢复做出努力，并强调要关注市场准入和发展等问题。

由于澳大利亚、巴西、欧盟、印度、日本和美国六个世贸组织成员未能就农产品和工业品的贸易问题达成一致，多哈谈判于今年7月下旬被迫中止。

多哈谈判被视为促进全球经济发展和减少贫困的一个千载难逢的好机会，因此，谈判的破裂无论对于发展中国家还是发达国家都是致命的一击。

薄熙来表示希望发达国家能为重启和推进多哈谈判做出更大的努力。

施瓦布说，中国作为多边贸易体制的最大受益者，应该在多哈谈判中发挥更大的作用。

施瓦布的发言人肖恩·斯派思在谈判结束后说，对于美国和中国而言，“市场准入是一个极其重要的问题，这已成为共识”。

施瓦布上周在美警告说：“如果多哈谈判在今年没有取得任何突破性进展，恐怕就得等到几年之后了。”

此外，此次中美贸易会谈的主要议题还包括知识产权的保护、中国市场经济的地位以及美国商务签证的申请问题。
Beijing and Washington yesterday called for the revival of the stalled Doha Round of global trade talks.

Susan Schwab

The joint call was made by Minister of Commerce Bo Xilai and visiting US Trade Representative Susan Schwab, according to a statement released by the plastic mold Ministry of Commerce.

Bo said China is ready to push, along with other Plastic pen countries, for an early resumption of the World Trade Organization (WTO) talks.

He said he "regrets the suspension of the Doha Round of talks," because setting up a just multilateral trade regime benefits a majority of WTO members.

Schwab said the United States would make effort for the restart of the Doha talks, and called for more attention to be paid to market access and development issues, the Plastic Submersible Pump Ministry of Commerce statement said.

The Doha Round was suspended in late July after six major members Australia, Brazil, the European Union, India, Japan and the United States failed to reach a consensus on agricultural and industrial trade.

The breakdown of the talks, which were seen as a once-in-a-generation chance to boost growth and ease poverty around the world, is a blow to both Plastic Submersible Pump (JPP-100F)   and plastic toy .

Bo wants developed PLATFORM SCALE   to make more efforts to restart and get the talks back on track.

Schwab said polishing bonnet , which she described as the largest beneficiary of the multilateral trade regime, should play a bigger role.

Her POCKET SCALE , Sean Spice, said after the talks that "there was a general agreement that market access is an extremely important component" for both the United States and China.

Schwab warned last week in the United States that "if we can't get a plug valves   by January, February, March ... it's going to be several years before we get a breakthrough."

The protection of intellectual property rights, China's pocket bike status and the application for US business visas also topped the meeting of the two trade officials.

因通货膨胀加速和对经济增长的乐观预期，新加坡央行开始紧缩其货币政策，这是它自2004年4月以来第一次调整货币政策。

新加坡金融管理局(Monetary Authority of Singapore)表示，已调高本地货币的最大升值速度，但并未改变汇率区间的范围和中值，这一汇率区间目前仍未对外公布。该消息引发了当局乐见货币升值更快以缓解消费价格上涨这样的猜测，使新加坡元汇率创下10年来新高。

就在公告发布前不久，美元从1.472新加坡元跌至1.4631新元，交易商们开始担心新加坡当局或会进行干预以减缓汇率的大幅波动。之后美元在新加坡汇市反弹至略高于1.465新元的水平，有未经证实的报导说，新加坡央行曾入市干预。

收紧货币政策显示出新加坡对控制通货膨胀问题的严肃态度，甚至不惜以减缓经济增长为代价。新加坡央行政策立场趋于强硬使一些分析人士预计，央行或会在明年4月的会议上再次紧缩货币政策。

新加坡央行的这一决定显示出，即便美国最近放松了其货币政策，亚洲各国央行仍需要根据当地的实际情况调整政策。

花旗集团(Citigroup Inc.)驻新加坡的经济学家Chua Hak Bin说，新加坡的经济周期与美国并不完全同步，因此需要因地制宜地调整政策。

因总体经济的强劲增长势头和制造业的加速扩张，新加坡经济第三季度增长了6.4%，但增速不及第二季度的14.4%。

新加坡贸易部长说，经济正向着政府今年预测的7%-8%的增长目标稳步迈进。

Chua Hak Bin说，新加坡的通货膨胀率可能已经超出了央行认为适宜的范围，央行曾表示消费者价格指数预计2008年上半年将上涨3.5%。

因7月份上调销售税，8月份消费者价格指数较上年同期上涨了2.9%，创近13年的新高。

JOHN JANNARONE  
The central bank tightened monetary policy in response to rising inflation and an upbeat growth outlook, marking the first change since April 2004.

The Monetary Authority of Singapore said it raised the local currency's maximum rate of appreciation but didn't change the width or position of its undisclosed currency rat snap trap traditional band. The news sparked the Singapore dollar to a 10-year high on speculation that authorities are willing to let the currency rise faster to temper rising consumer prices.

The U.S. dollar fell to 1.4631 Singapore dollars from S$1.472 just before the rear mounted mower Recovery vehicle announcement, putting traders on guard for possible intervention by Singapore authorities seeking to smooth sharp RED LATTICE BAG movements. The U.S. currency later rebounded to just above S$1.465 in Singapore trading amid unconfirmed reports the central bank had entered the market.

The tighter policy suggests Singapore is serious about getting inflation under control, even at the expense of slower growth. The more refrigerator air purifier hawkish stance has led some analysts to predict the central bank might tighten policy again at its next meeting in April.

The decision highlights the need for central banks in Asia to tailor policy to local conditions, even as the U.S. recently moved to an Reinforced Plastics Mortar Pipe easier monetary policy.

'In Singapore, the business cycle is not exactly in sync with the U.S., so there's a need for fine-tuning,' said Chua Hak Bin, a RED PRINTED BAG Citigroup economist in Singapore.

Singapore's economy grew 6.4% in the third quarter from the second quarter on an adjusted, annualized basis, led by strength across the economy and a faster Refrigerator expansion in manufacturing. But that was slower than the second quarter's 14.4% growth.

Singapore's trade ministry said the economy is 'well on track' to meet the RED PRINTED BAG(WOODEN HANDLE) government's 7%-8% growth forecast for this year.

Singapore's inflation may 'have breached the central bank's comfort zone,' Mr. Chua said, noting that the central bank has said it expects the reflective vest consumer-price index to rise 3.5% in the first half of 2008.

The consumer-price index in August rose 2.9% from a year earlier, the fastest pace in almost 13 years, boosted by July's sales-tax rise.

日本央行(Bank of Japan)行长福井俊彦(Toshihiko Fukui)强调了全球经济所面临的风险以及市场目前的不稳定状态，此前日本央行理事会投票决定继续维持利率不变。他的这一表态显示加息是几个月以后的事了。

加上10月份这一次，日本央行理事会已连续第四个月以8比1的投票结果决定将基准利率继续维持在0.5%的水平。

福井俊彦周四说，虽然世界经济预计将保持增长，但由于全球经济和金融市场依然不稳定，我们必须小心评估其事态发展。

投票结果公布前，各方的猜测一直集中在央行理事会中货币政策立场最强硬的水野温氏(Atsushi Mizuno)身上，看他是否能让理事会中其他成员相信有必要立即加息。而他最终未能做到这一点则表明，日本央行对美国住房市场萧条所带来不利影响的担忧是多么深。

福井俊彦说，美国住房市场的调整依然是决定美国经济前景的主要因素。美国是日本的主要出口市场。

JP摩根(J.P. Morgan)的日本政府债券策略师Akihiko Yokoyama说，如果此次投票的结果是7比2，市场人士可能就要猜测加息可能会提早到10月或11月了。他还说，就算投票结果仍是8比1，只要福井俊彦说过些能显示强硬货币政策立场的话，市场还是会作此联想。

瑞士信贷(Credit Suisse)所作的一项调查显示，市场认为日本央行在11月份加息的几率是16%。日本央行理事会的下一次会议定于10月31日召开。

Bank of Japan Gov. Toshihiko Fukui emphasized global economic Samsung mobile X410 risks and unstable markets after the central bank voted again to keep interest rates steady, suggesting a rate increase remains months away.

October marks the Samsung mobile Wep-150    fourth consecutive month the board has voted 8-1 to keep interest rates on hold at 0.5%.

'We must carefully examine developments Samsung mobile of the global economy and financial markets as they are still unstable, although the global economy is likely to keep expanding,' Mr. Fukui said Thursday.

Speculation had centered on whether Atsushi Mizuno, the board's Sandstone Flowerpot most hawkish member, would convince any colleagues that an immediate rate increase was needed. His failure suggests the extent to which the central bank is Samsung mobile D600 concerned about the fallout from the U.S. housing downturn.

Mr. Fukui said adjustments Samsung mobile D840 in the U.S. housing sector remain the primary factor in determining the outlook for the U.S. economy -- the main outlet for Japanese exports.

'If the vote had been 7-2, Sandstone Sandstone Column market participants would have started speculating about an early rate hike in October or November,' said Akihiko Yokoyama, Japanese government-bond strategist at J.P. Morgan. 'Even if the results were 8-1 but Fukui had Samsung mobile E898 said something hawkish...the market would have paid attention.'

A Credit Suisse survey indicated markets see a 16% chance Samsung mobile P310 Japan's central bank will raise rates in November. Board members next meet Oct. 31.  

可能实现智能芯片植入人体

It’s 10 p.m. You may not know where your child is, but the chip does.
The chip will also know if your child has fallen and needs immediate help. Once paramedics arrive, the chip will also be able to tell the rescue workers which drugs little Johnny or Janie is allergic to. At the hospital, the chip will tell doctors his or her complete medical history.
And of course, when you arrive to pick up your child, settling the hospital bill with your health insurance policy will be a simple matter of waving your own chip - the one embedded in your hand.
To some, this may sound far-fetched. But the technology for such chips is no longer the stuff of science fiction. And it may soon offer many other benefits besides locating lost children or elderly Alzheimer patients.
"Down the line, it could be used [as] credit cards and such," says Chris Hables Gray, a professor of cultural studies of science and technology at the University of Great Falls in Montana. "A lot of people won’t have to carry wallets anymore," he says. "What the implications are [for this technology], in the long run, is profound." WOODEN CLOCK wooden craft    Indeed, some are already wondering what this sort of technology may do to the sense of personal privacy and liberty.
"Any technology of this kind is easily abusive of personal privacy," says Lee Tien, senior staff attorney for the Electronic Frontier Foundation. "If a kid is track-able, do you want other people to be able to track your kid? It’s a double-edged sword."
Tiny Chips That Know Your Name
The research of embedding microchips isn’t entirely new. Back in 1998, Brian Warwick, a professor of cybernetics at Reading University in London,wooden decoration wooden door wooden furniture Wooden Plate wooden products implanted a chip into his arm as an experiment to see if Warwick’s computer could wirelessly track his whereabouts with the university’s building.
But Applied Digital Solutions, Inc. in Palm Beach, Fla., is one of the latest to try and push the experiments beyond the realm of academic research and into the hands - and bodies - of ordinary humans.
The company says it has recently applied wrapping paper writing instruments xbox 360 xenon lamp    to the Food and Drug Administration for permission to begin testing its VeriChip device in humans. About the size of a grain of rice, the microchip can be encoded with bits of information and implanted in humans under a layer of skin. When scanned by a nearby reader, the embedded chip yields the data - say an ID number that links to a computer database file containing more detailed information.
Chipping Blocks
Most embedded chip designs are so-called passive chips which yield information only when scanned by a nearby reader. But active chips - Worktable for Glass Assembling Worktable for Plastic window assembling woven bags woven lanyards such as the proposed Digital Angel of the future - will need to beam out information all the time. And that means designers will have to develop some sort of power source that can provide a continuous source of energy, yet be small enough to be embedded with the chips.
Another additional hurdle, developing tiny GPS receiver chips that could be embedded yet still be sensitive enough to receive signals wooden stretcher bars wood-Steel interior Door wool felt
work glove working glove    from thousands of miles out in space.
In addition to technical hurdles, many suspect that all sorts of legal and privacy issues would have to be cleared as well.

　　已经是晚上10点钟了，（如果你的孩子现在还没有回家，）你可能无法知道他们身在何处，但一枚小小的芯片却可以帮你的忙。
　　你还可以通过芯片知道你的孩子是否摔倒了，是否需要急救。当医务人员赶到时，芯片还能够告诉他们受伤的孩子对哪种药物过敏。在医院，芯片能够告诉医生小患者的医药史。
　　当然，当你赶到医院去接孩子的时候，用健康保险单结算医院账单的过程将简化为摆动一下你植入了芯片的手掌。
　　对于一些人来说，这些事情听上去似乎有些不可思议。但是这种芯片已不再只是出现在科幻小说里虚构的内容了。并且在不久的将来，这种芯片除了帮助人们寻找走失的孩子和老年痴呆症患者之外，它还将给人类带来许多其他的帮助。
　　蒙大拿州大瀑布大学从事科学技术人文研究的克里斯·哈布莱斯·格雷教授说："事实上，这种芯片可以具有信用卡或者类似的功能。人们将不用再随身带着钱包了。这就意味着，从长远看，这项技术的发展前景非常广大。"
　　然而有些人不禁要问：这项科技对人们的隐私和自由将意味着什么呢？
　　电子前沿基金会的高级律师李婷说："任何一种类似的技术很容易会被人们滥用而造成对个人隐私的威胁。如果你的孩子真能通过芯片来定位，那么你希望其他人也能够通过这种方法来跟踪你的孩子吗？它（这种技术）实际上是一把双刃剑。"
　　小身材，大用途
　　将芯片植入人体并非一项全新的研究。早在1998年，英国伦敦瑞丁大学研究控制论（对信息传递和控制的研究，尤其涉及人及动物大脑与机器及电子装置的差异）的教授布雷恩·沃里克就曾经将一枚芯片植入自己的胳膊，他进行这项实验的目的是为了测试自己的电脑能否在楼内无线跟踪他的行迹。
　　位于美国佛罗里达州棕榈滩的Applied Digital Solutions有限公司近期正将这项技术从学术研究的范围扩大到普通人的生活中，即在普通人的手掌和身体中植入芯片。
　　该公司称最近他们已经向美国食品药物管理局提出申请，研制植入人体的VeriChip微型芯片。该公司研制的这种芯片体积大约只有一粒大米大小，里面载入译成代码的各种信息，然后将其植入人体表皮下。当附近的信息阅读器扫描到芯片的时候，这种微型芯片就会发送出数据，例如发送该人的身份证号码， 而电脑通过辨认身份证号码，将可以提供此人更详细的资料。
　　芯片研究的种种障碍
　　大多数芯片都是所谓的"被动"芯片，这种芯片只有在被附近的信息阅读器扫描到的时候才能发送出数据信息。但是"主动"芯片却可以随时发送出信息。但是这就意味着设计者必须为这种芯片配备某种能量来源，不断地为其提供能量。此外，这种提供能量的设备的体积还必须小到能够嵌入芯片里面才行。
　　而另一个不可忽视的因素则是全球定位系统信息接收芯片，它不但要能植入人体内，并且还应有足够的灵敏度，以接收来自几千英里外的太空定位卫星群发来的信息。
　　除了技术上的限制外，许多人认为这种芯片涉及的法律和隐私问题也同样是需要解决。

Are These the Best Years of Your Life?
he ups and downs of life may seem to have no predictable plan.But scientists now know there are very definite patterns that almost all people share.Even if you've passed some of your "prime",you still have other prime years to experience in the future.Certain important primes seem to peak later in life.
When are you smartest?From 18—25,according to I.Q.scores;but you're wiser and more experienced with increasing age.
You're sharpest in your 20's;around 30,memory begins to decline,particularly your ability to perform mathematical computations.But your I.Q.for other tasks climbs.Your vocabulary at age 45,for example is three times as great as when you Visa Note book Vitamin D2 Vitamin D3 V-notch Cutting Saw    graduated from college.At 60,your brain possesses almost four times as much information as it did at age 21.This trade-off between Warehouse Logistics Shelf Wash cloth sharpness and wisdom has led psychologists to suggest that "maturity quotients"(M.Q.)be adopted for adults.
When are you happiest?You have the best physical sense of yourself from 15to 24;the best professional sense from 40to 49.
Before age 24,we believe that our voip gateway VON DUTCH waffle mould Waiting Chair    happiest years are yet to come;over30,we believe that they're behind us.A National Health Survey agrees:After age 30,we "become more realistic and do not view happiness as a goal in itself.If we maintain our health,achieve professional and emotional goals,then happiness,we feel,will follow". Video Door Phone video player When are you most creative?Generally between 30and 39,but the peak varies with different professions.
Mozart wrote a symphony and four sonatas Wall clock Wall covering Wall decoration wall fan wall lamps    by age eight,and Mendelssohn composed his best known work A Midsummer Night's Dream,at 17,but most of the great music was written by men between 33and 39.Though the peak in most fields comes wallpaper wardrobe wardrobe    early——most Nobel prize winners did their top research in their late 20's and 30's——creative people continue to produce quality work throughout their lives.For the "well-conditioned mind",there is no upper limit.

[参考译文]
人生的起伏似乎没有可预知的模式，但是科学家现在发现有一些模式相当明确，绝大多数人都有不例外。即使你度过了一些最佳时期，你仍然会在将来经历另外几个最佳时期。某些最佳期时期似乎在生命的后半段才会到来。
什么时候你最聪明？根据智商得分，你从15岁至25岁最聪明。然而，随着年龄增长，你更加具有智慧和经验。
20多岁的时候你的思维最敏捷；30岁左右，记忆力开始衰退，尤其是你的数学计算能力。然而，你做其他事情的智商提高了。例如45岁时你的词汇量是你刚从大学毕业时的3倍。60岁时你大脑中储存的信息几乎是你21岁时的4倍。敏锐和智慧之间的协调，心理学家们就此提出了在成年人在采用“成熟商”这一概念。
什么时候你的感觉最好？15岁至24岁之间你的身体感觉最好；40岁至49岁之间你对自己的职业感觉最佳。
24岁之前，我们相信自己最快乐的日子尚未到来；过了30岁，我们就认为最快乐的时光已逝去。一项全国性的健康调查也提示了同样的结果：30岁过后，我们变得更加实际，不把幸福当成生命本身的一种目标。我们认为，只要我们保持健康，事业上、情感上称心如意，那么我们就觉得幸福便会随之而来。
什么时候你最富创造力？一般在30岁至39岁之间。但是不同的职业，高峰期也不相同。
莫扎特8岁时就创作了一部交响曲、4首奏鸣曲；门德尔松17岁时就完成了他的最著名的作品《仲夏夜之梦》，但是大部分伟大的音乐作品都是人们在33岁至39岁之间创作出来的。虽然大多数领域的最佳状态来得比较早-----大多数诺贝尔奖获得者都是25岁以后、30多岁时完成他们最出色的研究的----但是创造型的人会在生命中不断地完成高质量的工作。对于“状态良好的大脑”，不存在极限。

　　Vitamin D is necessary to develop stoneware storage basket storage boxes Storage/Food Container    healthy bones. It is produced by the body with the help of sunlight. It can also be found in certain foods and drinks, such as livers and eggs. However, it is difficult to get enough vitamin D from food alone, which means enjoying the sunshine is very important. stone material Stone Mosaic Stone Sheet Stone Tool The doctors who ran the study tested 307 adolescents to discover how much vitamin D was in their blood. They found that 74 of the children tested-nearly 25 percent-had vitamin D deficiency. Of those 74, 14 were severely short of the nutrient.

　　The doctors also found that the amount of theSubmersible Pump Submersible Sewage Pump    vitamin found in a child’s blood was affected by a number of factors. Vitamin D levels drop in winter, probably because less time Stretch fabrics Stretcher stretcher bar strong magnet    is spent outside in the sunlight. Diet was also a key factor.

　　Even skin colour has an influence, as people with darker skin find it more difficult to produce the vitamin.

　　Vitamin D deficiency can lead to many Straight Gear straight umbrella strap street bike street light Street scene oil painting    health problems for both children and adults. It is also believed that low levels of it can cause depression.

　　辅助阅读：

　　美国波士顿儿童医院的专家称，有些青少年不能获取足够的维生素D。缺乏维生素D会引起很多健康问题。维生素D是骨质健康成长所必需的。维生素D含量低还可能引起抑郁症。而阳光有助于人体生成维生素D。研究发现，某些食物（如动物肝脏和鸡蛋）和饮料含有维生素D，但人体单纯从食物中不能获取足够的维生素D。所以，晒太阳对人体来讲非常重要。

　　Each robot consists of several 10-cm cubes which have identical machinery, electromagnets to attach and detach to each other and a computer programme for replication. The robots can bend and pick up and stack the cubes.

　　"Although the machines we have created are still simple compared with biological self-reproduction, they demonstrate steel-wood armored door Steel-wood Door Steel-wooden door steering pump stepper    that mechanical self-reproduction is possible and not unique to biology," Hod Lipson said in a report in the science journal Nature on Wednesday.

　　He and his team believe the Steel Reinforcement Rolling Machine steel rope Steel switch box steel wire    design principle could be used to make long term, self-repairing robots that could mend themselves and be used in hazardous situations and on space flights.

　　The experimental robots, Still life oil painting on canvas stock garments stock products stocking which don’t do anything else except make copies of themselves, are powered through contacts on the surface of the table and transfer Stepping stone stereo microscope Sterilization pouches    data through their faces. They self-replicate by using additional modules placed in special "feeding locations."

　　The machines duplicate themselves by bending over and putting their top cube on the table. Then they bend again, pick up another cube, put it on top of the first and repeat the entire process. As the new robot begins to take shape it helps to build itself. steel pipe

　　"The four-module robot was able to construct stockings Stone + Furniture stone furniture stone furniture    a replica in 2.5 minutes by lifting and assembling cubes from the feeding locations," said Lipson.

　　辅助阅读：

　　据路透社报道，位于纽约伊萨卡的康奈尔大学的科学家研制出能够自我复制的小型机器人。自此，可自我复制的机器人不再是科幻小说中才会有的情节素材。

　　每个机器人都由多个10cm大小的立方体组成。这些立方体具有同一的部件、互相连接或分离的电磁石和计算机复制程序。这些机器人可以对立方体进行变形、选择、叠加等操作。

　　“与生物学上的自我复制相比，我们所研制的机器尚非常简单。但这证明了自我复制并不是生物学上的特有性能，机械的自我复制也是可能的。” 本周三Hod Lipson在科学期刊《自然》上的一篇报告中说到。

　　他和他的研究小组相信，该设计原理可用于制造长期的可自我修复的机器人。这种机器人可以进行自我调整，可应用于危险环境下和太空飞行中。

　　这种实验性机器人通过与工作台表面的接触而获得能量，通过面部来传递数据。它们只进行自我复制，不进行任何其他操作。这种自我复制是由置于专门的“供给区”的附加模组实现的。一个四模组机器人在2.5分钟内即可完成对从“供给区”选取出的立方体的重新组合，实现一次复制。